The Wrap Rate Formula in Government Contracting: A Comprehensive Guide

jeff.wilson1.cpa • June 2, 2023


Calculating wrap rates is a fundamental step in government contracting. It ensures your labor pricing covers not just direct labor but also your indirect costs — fringe, overhead (OH), and general & administrative (G&A) — and possibly profit. However, confusion often arises from incorrect formulas like compounding rates or omitting base labor. This guide walks through the correct wrap rate formula, step by step, helping contractors and compliance professionals build accurate, audit-ready pricing.


What Is a Wrap Rate?

A wrap rate is the multiplier you apply to your direct labor rate to arrive at the fully burdened cost per labor hour.

Wrap Rate = (Total Direct Labor + Total Indirect Costs) / Total Direct Labor
Or simply:
Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A (+ Profit, if applicable)

Note: All rates should be expressed as decimals. (Example: 33% = 0.33)


Step 1: Identify Your Indirect Rates*

Before you can calculate a wrap rate, you must first determine your indirect cost rates — Fringe, Overhead, and G&A. These represent the indirect support costs required to deliver direct labor.

Examples of indirect rates:

  • Fringe Rate: Payroll taxes, PTO, health insurance
  • Overhead Rate: Facilities, indirect labor, management
  • G&A Rate: Accounting, HR, executive management
  • Profit (optional): Your markup or fee

Sample Rates:

  • Fringe = 33.72% → 0.3372
  • Overhead = 83.67% → 0.8367
  • G&A = 22.52% → 0.2252
Not sure how to calculate your indirect rates?
👉 See our article:
How to Calculate Your Indirect Rates

Step 2: Use the Wrap Rate Formula

Formula:

Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A

Example:

Wrap Rate = 1 + 0.3372 + 0.8367 + 0.2252 = 2.3991

This means that for every $1.00 you pay in direct labor, it actually costs you $2.40 when you include all your indirect expenses like benefits, overhead, and administrative costs. In other words, you're spending an additional $1.40 — or $140 more — to cover everything beyond the employee’s base pay. This does not include profit yet. A critical distinction in wrap rate modeling is whether or not you include profit (also known as “fee”).

There are two common types of wrap rates:


1. Wrap Rate Without Fee

This is used to calculate your cost build-up without including profit.

Formula:
Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A

Use this when:

  • Analyzing cost-only rates
  • Preparing cost-type proposals
  • Submitting rates for DCAA review (pre-fee)


2. Wrap Rate With Fee

This includes your markup or profit percentage, giving you your billing rate.

Formula:
Wrap Rate = (1 + Fringe + OH + G&A) ÷ (1 - Profit %)


Example:

Let’s say:

  • Fringe = 33.72% (0.3372)
  • Overhead = 83.67% (0.8367)
  • G&A = 22.52% (0.2252)
  • Profit = 10% (0.10)

Without Profit:
Wrap Rate = 1 + 0.3372 + 0.8367 + 0.2252 = 2.3991

With 10% Profit:
Wrap Rate = 2.3991 ÷ (1 - 0.10) = 2.6657


So your billing rate is $2.67 for every $1.00 of direct labor.

✅ Tip: Always clarify whether you’re showing with or without fee in your proposals and pricing sheets.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake #1: Omitting the Base

Some people calculate:

Indirects ÷ Direct Labor = Wrap Rate

This only gives you the burden rate, not the full wrap rate. Always include the base 1.0 (representing direct labor) in your calculation.

Mistake #2: Compounding Rates

This approach layers each indirect rate on top of the last, which can result in a higher wrap rate than the additive method. While not necessarily wrong, this method is less common and may be harder to justify unless your cost structure specifically supports it.

The FAR doesn’t prescribe one method over another, but whatever approach you choose must be:

  • Consistent
  • Transparent
  • Defensible in audit

🚀 Want to Automate Your Wrap Rate?

Manually building wrap rates in spreadsheets is time-consuming and error-prone.

GovieRates™ makes wrap rate and indirect cost modeling simple, fast, and DCAA-compliant. Whether you’re submitting your first proposal or managing dozens of contracts, our platform helps you get it right the first time.

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Commonly Asked Questions About Wrap Rates
June 14, 2025
Wrap rates are a crucial aspect of government contracting, but they can often be confusing and raise many questions for both contractors and government agencies. In this blog post, we will address some of the most commonly asked questions about wrap rates in government contracting. By providing clear and concise answers, we aim to demystify this topic and help you navigate the complexities of wrap rates with confidence. What exactly is a wrap rate in government contracting? A wrap rate is a fully burdened multiplier applied to an employee’s direct labor rate in government contracting. It includes all applicable indirect cost rates—typically fringe benefits, overhead, and general & administrative (G&A) expenses—combined into a single rate. The wrap rate ensures that when a labor hour is billed, the price covers not only the employee's wages but also the contractor’s indirect costs for supporting that labor. In some cases, a profit margin may also be added on top of the wrap rate for pricing purposes. How is the wrap rate calculated? To calculate the wrap rate, you divide the total indirect costs by the total direct labor costs and express the result as a percentage. For example, if the total indirect costs are $100,000 and the total direct labor costs are $500,000, the wrap rate would be 20% ($100,000 / $500,000 = 0.20 or 20%). Why are wrap rates important in government contracting? Wrap rates serve several important purposes in government contracting. They ensure accurate reimbursement of indirect costs incurred by contractors, assist in budgeting and pricing strategies, and facilitate compliance with regulations and audits. Wrap rates help contractors cover their expenses, remain competitive, and maintain profitability while delivering services to government agencies. Do all government contracts require a wrap rate? Not all government contracts require wrap rates. The type of contract and its specific terms and conditions determine whether a wrap rate is applicable. Cost-reimbursement contracts typically require a wrap rate because they involve reimbursement of direct and indirect costs. Fixed-price contracts, on the other hand, may not involve wrap rates, as indirect costs are generally not directly reimbursed. Can wrap rates vary between different government contracts? Yes, wrap rates can vary between different government contracts. Each contract may have unique requirements, and the indirect costs associated with each contract can differ. Factors such as contract type, duration, and the nature of the work being performed can influence the specific wrap rate applied to a contract. Can contractors optimize their wrap rates? Contractors can optimize their wrap rates by implementing strategies to reduce indirect costs and improve cost efficiency. This may involve streamlining operations, implementing cost-saving measures, accurately allocating costs, and continuously monitoring and adjusting wrap rates based on actual performance. By optimizing wrap rates, contractors can enhance their competitiveness and profitability. What happens if the wrap rate is not calculated accurately? Inaccurate wrap rate calculations can have significant implications for both contractors and government agencies. If the wrap rate is underestimated, contractors may not receive adequate reimbursement for their indirect costs, leading to financial losses. On the other hand, overestimated wrap rates may result in excessive charges to the government, potentially leading to contract disputes or compliance issues. It is crucial for contractors to ensure accurate wrap rate calculations to maintain financial integrity and contract compliance. Understanding wrap rates in government contracting is essential for contractors and government agencies alike. By addressing these commonly asked questions, we hope to have provided clarity on this important topic. Wrap rates play a vital role in cost reimbursement, budgeting, pricing, and compliance, ensuring fair and transparent processes in government contracting. By grasping the fundamentals of wrap rates, contractors can navigate the contracting landscape more effectively and maximize their chances of success.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa August 24, 2023
Does the term "wrap rate" make your head spin? For many organizations, calculating this critical rate can seem like a daunting task. However, understanding and determining your wrap rate is vital to your business's profitability and sustainability. Let's demystify this. Your wrap rate is a multiplier applied to your direct costs to account for indirect costs and profit. It's crucial in pricing your products or services accurately, ensuring you cover all your costs and also make a reasonable profit. The traditional way to calculate wrap rates involves gathering all your indirect costs, understanding your direct costs, and then doing some math - which can get pretty complicated. But what if there was an easier way? Enter GovieRates. GovieRates is a state-of-the-art cost accounting system designed to make complex calculations, like determining your wrap rate, remarkably simple. It offers real-time indirect rates, providing you with an accurate and up-to-date view of your overhead costs. With this information readily available, calculating your wrap rate becomes as easy as pie. But GovieRates goes beyond just simplifying the calculation process. It ensures your accounting practices are compliant with regulations, taking away the worry of potential non-compliance penalties. Plus, GovieRates gives you the confidence to make informed decisions, paving the way for your organization's financial success. With GovieRates, calculating your wrap rate doesn't have to be a chore. Turn this complex task into a simple, routine process that helps you better manage your business and increase profitability.  Interested to see how GovieRates can revolutionize your wrap rate calculation? We invite you to explore more on our website, GovieRates.com. Experience the difference of stress-free wrap rate calculation and a better understanding of your business finances. Why wait? Start your journey towards simplified wrap rate calculation with GovieRates today. Because at GovieRates, we believe in making accounting easy for you.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa August 24, 2023
As a small business owner, you're no stranger to juggling various tasks – from sales and marketing to customer service and accounting. Amid this whirlwind, it's easy for some vital aspects to go unnoticed, one of them being indirect rates. But what are indirect rates, and why are they so important?  Indirect rates are the costs not directly tied to a particular product or service but vital to running your business. These can include utilities, rent, administrative expenses, or IT support. Knowing these rates is essential for accurately pricing your products or services, managing the profitability of your projects, and making informed financial decisions. Now, you might be wondering, "How do I calculate these indirect rates?" It's a fair question, considering that it can be a complex task. That's where GovieRates comes in. GovieRates is a cost accounting software designed to make life easier for businesses like yours. It offers a simple, intuitive solution for calculating your indirect rates in real-time. What does that mean for you? It means having a clear, accurate view of your costs at any given moment, which can be a game-changer for your business. But GovieRates doesn't just stop at calculating your indirect rates. It's also designed to align with your unique business needs, providing a DCAA-compliant Chart of Accounts, which ensures your accounting system is organized and transparent. This compliance isn't only about ticking a box; it's about giving you confidence in your financial data and helping you make sound business decisions. With GovieRates, you can focus more on growing your business and less on wrestling with complex calculations. It's more than just a software tool; it's a partner dedicated to helping you understand your costs better and navigate your business's financial journey with ease. Why let the complexity of indirect rates hold you back? Embrace the simplicity and clarity that GovieRates can bring to your business. Request a demo today, and experience firsthand how GovieRates can empower your small business to identify and use indirect rates effectively. It's time to take control of your business's financial future with GovieRates.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa August 24, 2023
Does the term "wrap rate" make your head spin? For many organizations, calculating this critical rate can seem like a daunting task. However, understanding and determining your wrap rate is vital to your business's profitability and sustainability. Let's demystify this. Your wrap rate is a multiplier applied to your direct costs to account for indirect costs and profit. It's crucial in pricing your products or services accurately, ensuring you cover all your costs and also make a reasonable profit. The traditional way to calculate wrap rates involves gathering all your indirect costs, understanding your direct costs, and then doing some math - which can get pretty complicated. But what if there was an easier way? Enter GovieRates. GovieRates is a state-of-the-art cost accounting system designed to make complex calculations, like determining your wrap rate, remarkably simple. It offers real-time indirect rates, providing you with an accurate and up-to-date view of your overhead costs. With this information readily available, calculating your wrap rate becomes as easy as pie. But GovieRates goes beyond just simplifying the calculation process. It ensures your accounting practices are compliant with regulations, taking away the worry of potential non-compliance penalties. Plus, GovieRates gives you the confidence to make informed decisions, paving the way for your organization's financial success. With GovieRates, calculating your wrap rate doesn't have to be a chore. Turn this complex task into a simple, routine process that helps you better manage your business and increase profitability. Interested to see how GovieRates can revolutionize your wrap rate calculation? We invite you to explore more on our website, GovieRates.com. Experience the difference of stress-free wrap rate calculation and a better understanding of your business finances. Why wait?  Start your journey towards simplified wrap rate calculation with GovieRates today. Because at GovieRates, we believe in making accounting easy for you.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa August 24, 2023
DCAA compliance: three words that can cause even the most seasoned government contractors to feel a twinge of anxiety. Fear not, GovieRates has your back. This state-of-the-art cost accounting software is a game-changer, ensuring your compliance with the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) in a simple, user-friendly way. Here's the scoop: GovieRates equips you with a DCAA-compliant Chart of Accounts. This feature alone takes away much of the worry tied to navigating complex DCAA requirements. As a government contractor, you know the importance of precision in tracking and reporting your costs. GovieRates has you covered, providing an intuitive and compliant tool to manage your accounts. Notably, GovieRates is not one-size-fits-all. It customizes your Chart of Accounts to mirror your specific business operations while ensuring DCAA compliance. What’s more, it provides real-time indirect rates – giving you constant, accurate insight into your overhead costs. This, in turn, empowers you to make informed decisions, leading to profitable projects and a thriving business. The beauty of GovieRates lies in its simplicity. It allows you to focus on delivering excellent work without the nagging worry of DCAA compliance. Sounds liberating, doesn't it? But why just read about it when you can experience it? We invite you to request a free demo of GovieRates. You’ll get a personalized walk-through of the software, providing a glimpse into how it can transform your business.  Don’t let the intricacies of DCAA compliance weigh you down. Embrace the ease and efficiency of GovieRates. Take the first step towards effortless DCAA compliance by requesting a demo today. Elevate your government contracting business with GovieRates. It's time for a change, and that change begins with you.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa June 22, 2023
Job costing is a fundamental aspect of accounting, particularly for government contractors. The system used for this function can dramatically impact its accuracy and compliance. Two popular software solutions for this are GovieRates and QuickBooks Online. However, they cater to different standards - GovieRates aligns with Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), while QuickBooks Online operates under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). GovieRates offers a nuanced approach to job costing designed to meet the stringent CAS requirements essential for government contractors. CAS necessitates precise tracking, assignment, and allocation of costs to government contracts. This means that both direct costs and a share of indirect costs must be assigned to each job, ensuring an accurate reflection of total job cost. GovieRates' ability to provide real-time indirect rates and a DCAA-compliant Chart of Accounts makes this process intuitive and compliant. It provides an intricate breakdown of job costs, helping government contractors meet their contractual obligations and maintain profitability. On the other hand, QuickBooks Online, designed with GAAP principles, takes a more generalized approach. While it is a robust accounting tool for small to medium businesses, it may fall short for government contractors. GAAP does not require the same level of detail in job costing as CAS. It allows some costs to be expensed as incurred and may not allocate all indirect costs to jobs. While QuickBooks Online can perform job costing, it might not meet the specificity and compliance required for government contracts. In summary, while QuickBooks Online is a powerful tool for general businesses, GovieRates is tailored to meet the specific job costing requirements of government contractors under CAS. By ensuring compliance and offering detailed, real-time cost data, GovieRates facilitates a more accurate and efficient job costing process, providing a significant advantage in the world of government contracting.  Take the first step towards efficient and compliant job costing - discover the capabilities of GovieRates for yourself today.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa June 22, 2023
Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) compliance can often be a steep mountain to climb for government contractors. As mandated by the U.S. Federal Government, these standards ensure accuracy and consistency in measuring, assigning, and allocating costs in government contracts. While critical, meeting these requirements can pose significant challenges. But there's good news: with GovieRates, this climb just got a lot easier. First, let's understand why CAS matters. These standards ensure your costs are allocated fairly and that the government isn’t charged excessively for your services. Failure to comply can lead to severe penalties, delayed payments, or even the loss of contracts. Hence, meeting CAS is not only a regulatory requirement but a crucial factor in maintaining the financial health and reputation of your business. GovieRates steps into this complex scenario like a breath of fresh air. This innovative cost accounting and general ledger software is designed to help government contractors smoothly navigate the complexities of CAS. With its DCAA-compliant Chart of Accounts and real-time indirect rates, GovieRates provides you with accurate, up-to-the-minute cost data. This allows you to assign and allocate costs in a way that is both CAS-compliant and reflective of your business operations. Moreover, GovieRates ensures that your system is not just CAS-compliant but also efficient and easy-to-use. This means you can focus less on the minutiae of compliance and more on what you do best – delivering excellent services. Take it from us, or better yet, see it for yourself. We're offering a free demo of GovieRates for you to experience how it can simplify your cost accounting process while ensuring CAS compliance. Embrace a future where CAS compliance is a breeze, not a burden. Take the first step and request your GovieRates demo today. It’s time to change the game in government contracting with GovieRates. Are you ready?
By jeff.wilson1.cpa June 2, 2023
In the dynamic world of government contracting, regularly monitoring and adjusting wrap rates is crucial to ensure accurate cost recovery, maintain profitability, and stay compliant with regulations. Wrap rates encompass indirect costs and play a significant role in contract pricing and financial management. In this blog post, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to effectively monitor and adjust wrap rates, enabling your business to adapt to changing circumstances and optimize performance. Step 1: Establish Monitoring Mechanisms: To regularly monitor wrap rates, establish robust monitoring mechanisms. Develop a system that captures and tracks data related to indirect costs, allocation bases, and cost pools. This may involve utilizing specialized software, creating spreadsheets, or implementing internal controls to collect relevant information consistently. Ensure that the monitoring process aligns with your business's project management and financial reporting systems. Step 2: Define Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Identify key performance indicators (KPIs) that will serve as benchmarks for monitoring wrap rates. These KPIs may include metrics such as cost recovery percentage, variance between budgeted and actual wrap rates, or comparison against industry standards. Select KPIs that are meaningful to your business and provide actionable insights into the performance of your wrap rates. Step 3: Regularly Review Project Performance: Regularly review project performance to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of your wrap rates. Evaluate the actual indirect costs incurred, compare them to the budgeted costs, and analyze the variance. Identify any patterns or trends that may require adjustments in your wrap rates. Factors such as changes in project scope, resource utilization, or market conditions may influence the need for rate adjustments. Step 4: Analyze Indirect Cost Trends: Analyze indirect cost trends over time to identify any cost drivers that may impact wrap rates. Look for changes in the allocation base, shifts in the distribution of indirect costs across cost pools, or fluctuations in specific cost elements. This analysis will help you understand the factors driving cost changes and allow for informed adjustments to your wrap rates. Step 5: Consider External Factors: Consider external factors that may impact your wrap rates, such as regulatory changes, inflation, or shifts in market conditions. Stay informed about industry trends, government contracting regulations, and economic indicators that may affect the cost structure of your business. By proactively monitoring and analyzing these external factors, you can anticipate changes and adjust your wrap rates accordingly. Step 6: Collaborate with Project Managers and Finance Teams: Maintain open lines of communication with project managers and finance teams. Collaborate with them to gain insights into project-specific indirect costs and the challenges they may be facing. Regularly discuss and review wrap rates, seeking feedback and input from those involved in project execution. This collaborative approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing wrap rates and facilitates effective adjustments. Step 7: Implement Adjustments: Based on the insights gained from monitoring and analysis, implement necessary adjustments to your wrap rates. This may involve recalculating allocation bases, reallocating indirect costs across cost pools, or modifying the distribution of indirect costs among projects or contracts. Ensure that any adjustments made are documented and communicated transparently within your organization. Regularly monitoring and adjusting wrap rates is an integral part of effective financial management in government contracting. By establishing monitoring mechanisms, defining KPIs, reviewing project performance, analyzing indirect cost trends, considering external factors, collaborating with project managers and finance teams, and implementing adjustments, you can optimize the accuracy and competitiveness of your wrap rates. Consistent monitoring and adjustment allow your business to adapt to changing circumstances, maximize cost recovery, and maintain profitability. By remaining proactive and vigilant in assessing the performance of your wrap rates, you can position your business for success in the dynamic world of government contracting.  GovieRates makes accounting efficient and easy-to-use. This means you can focus less on the minutiae of compliance and more on what you do best. Take the first step and request your GovieRates demo today. It’s time to change the game in government contracting with GovieRates. Are you ready?
By jeff.wilson1.cpa June 2, 2023
Wrap rates play a vital role in government contracting, as they encompass the indirect costs associated with project execution. Validating and applying wrap rates accurately is crucial to ensure compliance, cost recovery, and financial sustainability. In this blog post, we will guide you through the process of validating and applying wrap rates effectively, empowering your business to navigate government contracts with confidence. Step 1: Review the Indirect Cost Pool: Before validating and applying wrap rates, it's essential to review and validate your indirect cost pool. The indirect cost pool consists of all the costs associated with supporting project execution, such as overhead, administration, and other indirect expenses. Verify that all relevant costs are included and accurately allocated to the pool, as any omissions or errors can impact the validity of your wrap rates. Step 2: Confirm the Allocation Methodology: Next, confirm the allocation methodology used to distribute indirect costs across projects or contracts. This methodology determines how the indirect cost pool is divided among various cost drivers, such as direct labor hours or direct labor dollars. Ensure that the allocation methodology aligns with industry standards and complies with government contracting regulations. It should accurately reflect the relationship between indirect costs and the activities driving them. Step 3: Validate the Allocation Base: Validate the allocation base used in the wrap rate calculation. The allocation base, such as direct labor hours or direct labor dollars, should accurately represent the cost drivers for your business. Review historical data and project specifics to ensure the allocation base is relevant and reflective of the actual utilization of resources. Validating the allocation base enhances the accuracy of wrap rate calculations and strengthens your financial management practices. Step 4: Assess Cost Pools and Cost Elements: Assess the various cost pools and cost elements included in your wrap rate calculations. Cost pools represent categories of indirect costs, such as overhead or administrative costs, while cost elements denote the specific expenses within each pool. Review each cost pool and cost element to verify their relevance and accuracy. Ensure that all necessary expenses are included and that any redundant or obsolete costs are eliminated from the calculation. Step 5: Perform a Rate Analysis: Conduct a thorough rate analysis to validate the reasonableness and competitiveness of your wrap rates. Compare your wrap rates with industry benchmarks, historical data, and market rates to assess their competitiveness. Identify any significant deviations or outliers that may require further investigation or adjustment. This analysis ensures that your wrap rates align with market realities and positions your business favorably in government contracting opportunities. Step 6: Implement Internal Controls: Implement robust internal controls to ensure the accurate application of wrap rates. Develop policies and procedures that govern the application of wrap rates across projects or contracts. Establish mechanisms for ongoing monitoring, review, and adjustment of wrap rates as necessary. Internal controls promote consistency, transparency, and compliance within your organization, instilling confidence in both clients and regulatory authorities. Step 7: Monitor and Adjust as Needed: Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of your wrap rates. Regularly review project performance, indirect cost trends, and market dynamics to identify any changes or factors that may require adjustment of your wrap rates. Be proactive in making adjustments to ensure accurate cost recovery, maintain profitability, and adapt to evolving business conditions. Validating and applying wrap rates is a critical process in government contracting that directly impacts cost recovery, compliance, and financial performance. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can validate the accuracy of your indirect cost pool, allocation methodology, and allocation base. Performing a rate analysis and implementing strong internal controls will further strengthen your wrap rate calculations. Through ongoing monitoring and adjustments, you can ensure that your wrap rates remain relevant, competitive, and compliant with government contracting requirements. Accurate and well-applied wrap rates empower your business to navigate government contracts successfully, recover costs, and achieve financial sustainability. Validating and applying wrap rates requires attention to detail, adherence to regulations, and a commitment to ongoing monitoring and adjustment. By validating the indirect cost pool, confirming the allocation methodology, and assessing cost pools and elements, you establish a solid foundation for accurate wrap rate calculations. Performing a rate analysis and implementing internal controls contribute to the transparency, reasonableness, and competitiveness of your wrap rates. Remember to monitor your wrap rates regularly, considering project performance, cost trends, and market dynamics. This allows you to make timely adjustments to ensure accurate cost recovery, maintain profitability, and stay aligned with changing business conditions. Ultimately, mastering the validation and application of wrap rates in government contracting enables your business to navigate the complexities of contract pricing, compliance, and financial management. With accurate wrap rates, you can bid competitively on contracts, effectively manage indirect costs, and enhance your profitability and success in the government contracting arena. By dedicating the necessary time and resources to validate and apply wrap rates effectively, your business can position itself for long-term success and maximize the opportunities available in the government contracting landscape. Embrace the process, remain vigilant, and continually refine your wrap rate calculations to achieve optimal results and thrive in the world of government contracting.
By jeff.wilson1.cpa June 2, 2023
A Guide to Accurate Determination for Wrap Rate Calculations