The Wrap Rate Formula in Government Contracting: A Comprehensive Guide
Calculating wrap rates is a fundamental step in government contracting. It ensures your labor pricing covers not just direct labor but also your indirect costs — fringe, overhead (OH), and general & administrative (G&A) — and possibly profit. However, confusion often arises from incorrect formulas like compounding rates or omitting base labor. This guide walks through the correct wrap rate formula, step by step, helping contractors and compliance professionals build accurate, audit-ready pricing.
What Is a Wrap Rate?
A wrap rate is the multiplier you apply to your direct labor rate to arrive at the fully burdened cost per labor hour.
Wrap Rate = (Total Direct Labor + Total Indirect Costs) / Total Direct Labor
Or simply:
Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A (+ Profit, if applicable)
Note: All rates should be expressed as decimals. (Example: 33% = 0.33)
Step 1: Identify Your Indirect Rates*
Before you can calculate a wrap rate, you must first determine your indirect cost rates — Fringe, Overhead, and G&A. These represent the indirect support costs required to deliver direct labor.
Examples of indirect rates:
- Fringe Rate: Payroll taxes, PTO, health insurance
- Overhead Rate: Facilities, indirect labor, management
- G&A Rate: Accounting, HR, executive management
- Profit (optional): Your markup or fee
Sample Rates:
- Fringe = 33.72% → 0.3372
- Overhead = 83.67% → 0.8367
- G&A = 22.52% → 0.2252
Not sure how to calculate your indirect rates?
👉 See our article: How to Calculate Your Indirect Rates
Step 2: Use the Wrap Rate Formula
Formula:
Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A
Example:
Wrap Rate = 1 + 0.3372 + 0.8367 + 0.2252 = 2.3991
This means that for every $1.00 you pay in direct labor, it actually costs you $2.40 when you include all your indirect expenses like benefits, overhead, and administrative costs. In other words, you're spending an additional $1.40 — or $140 more — to cover everything beyond the employee’s base pay. This does not include profit yet. A critical distinction in wrap rate modeling is whether or not you include profit (also known as “fee”).
There are two common types of wrap rates:
1. Wrap Rate Without Fee
This is used to calculate your cost build-up without including profit.
Formula:
Wrap Rate = 1 + Fringe + Overhead + G&A
Use this when:
- Analyzing cost-only rates
- Preparing cost-type proposals
- Submitting rates for DCAA review (pre-fee)
2. Wrap Rate With Fee
This includes your markup or profit percentage, giving you your billing rate.
Formula:
Wrap Rate = (1 + Fringe + OH + G&A) ÷ (1 - Profit %)
Example:
Let’s say:
- Fringe = 33.72% (0.3372)
- Overhead = 83.67% (0.8367)
- G&A = 22.52% (0.2252)
- Profit = 10% (0.10)
Without Profit:
Wrap Rate = 1 + 0.3372 + 0.8367 + 0.2252 =
2.3991
With 10% Profit:
Wrap Rate = 2.3991 ÷ (1 - 0.10) =
2.6657
So your billing rate is $2.67 for every $1.00 of direct labor.
✅ Tip: Always clarify whether you’re showing with or without fee in your proposals and pricing sheets.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Mistake #1: Omitting the Base
Some people calculate:
Indirects ÷ Direct Labor = Wrap Rate
This only gives you the burden rate, not the full wrap rate. Always include the base 1.0 (representing direct labor) in your calculation.
Mistake #2: Compounding Rates
This approach layers each indirect rate on top of the last, which can result in a higher wrap rate than the additive method. While not necessarily wrong, this method is less common and may be harder to justify unless your cost structure specifically supports it.
The FAR doesn’t prescribe one method over another, but whatever approach you choose must be:
- Consistent
- Transparent
- Defensible in audit
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Manually building wrap rates in spreadsheets is time-consuming and error-prone.
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